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Space Threat Assessment 2025

The 2025 Space Threat Assessment covers the growing counterspace capabilities of China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, and others. It also features analysis on GPS jamming and spoofing, satellite rendezvous and proximity operations, unintentional debris creation, and other counterspace topics.

Report by Clayton Swope, Kari A. Bingen, Makena Young, and Kendra LaFave — April 25, 2025

Is There a Path to Counter Russia’s Space Weapons?

What more can the United States do to stop Russia from pursuing space weapons that could indiscriminately affect hundreds, if not thousands, of satellites? It should find ways to incentivize China and India to apply economic pressure that will get Putin's attention.

Commentary by Clayton Swope and Makena Young — June 28, 2024

Space Threat Assessment 2024

The 2024 Space Threat Assessment covers the growing counterspace capabilities of China, Russia, India, Iran, North Korea, and others. It also features analysis on the normalization of deviance on orbit and a look into coalitions of convenience that are being formed. 

Report by Clayton Swope, Kari A. Bingen, Makena Young, Madeleine Chang, Stephanie Songer, and Jeremy Tammelleo — April 17, 2024

The Evolution of French Space Security

Space is now a critical domain for many nations around the globe, and both individual countries and multinational coalitions have recently released space policies and strategies. Among them, France stands out.

Report by Makena Young — March 13, 2024

Space Threat Assessment 2023

The 2023 Space Threat Assessment covers the growing counterspace capabilities of China, Russia, India, Iran, North Korea, and others. It also features an in-depth analysis of Russia's battlefield employment of counterspace weapons in Ukraine.

Report by Kari A. Bingen, Kaitlyn Johnson, Makena Young, and John Raymond — April 14, 2023

Low Orbit, High Stakes

The competition to provide broadband from low Earth orbit (LEO) is one of the most important, least appreciated geostrategic developments underway. These networks hope to bring more of the world online and will bring substantial economic and strategic implications.

Report by Makena Young and Akhil Thadani — December 14, 2022

Space Threat Assessment 2022

The 2022 Space Threat Assessment covers the growing counterspace capabilities of China, Russia, India, Iran, North Korea, and others. It also analyzes several key events, including the 2021 Russian ASAT test, the supposed Chinese FOBS test, and Russian jamming in Ukraine.

Report by Todd Harrison, Kaitlyn Johnson, Makena Young, Nicholas Wood, and Alyssa Goessler — April 4, 2022

Space Threat Assessment 2021

Space Threat Assessment 2021 is an unclassified assessment that aggregates and highlights recent open-source information on counterspace capabilities for policymakers and the general public.

Report by Todd Harrison, Kaitlyn Johnson, Makena Young, and Joe Moye — March 31, 2021